The New York State Department of Health has issued an updated Public Health Alert following a rise in the detection of medetomidine, a potent synthetic veterinary sedative, in the state’s unregulated drug supply. Medetomidine is not approved for human use and is more powerful than xylazine, another sedative previously found in street drugs.
According to the Department’s Community Drug Checking Program, medetomidine was detected in 37 percent of opioid samples analyzed in October 2025. This marks a significant increase from May 2024, when only 4 percent of samples contained the substance. In comparison, xylazine was present in 40 percent of opioid samples during the same period.
“Medetomidine impacts the central nervous system and can lead to extreme vomiting and high blood pressure potentially requiring ICU care. Clinicians should be aware of this clinical syndrome,” said State Health Commissioner Dr. James McDonald. “The State Health Department and its Drug Checking Program remain committed to preventing overdoses, ensuring access to needed medical and social services and protecting the safety of New Yorkers.”
The Department reports that medetomidine is most commonly found mixed with fentanyl and other opioids in New York State. Both medetomidine and xylazine are added to fentanyl to prolong its effects; fentanyl itself has a shorter duration than heroin.
In response to these findings, the Department is acquiring medetomidine test strips for use by Community Drug Checking Program partners to improve identification efforts. The program plays an essential role in detecting harmful substances within the illicit drug market before they are identified through post-mortem toxicology tests.
While medetomidine is not an opioid, officials recommend administering naloxone if an overdose is suspected due to fentanyl contamination. Seeking emergency help by calling 911 remains critical when responding to potential overdoses.
The Community Drug Checking Program also offers resources such as test strips for fentanyl, xylazine, and medetomidine, alongside referrals for medical and social support services.
Providers are advised that guidelines for managing cases involving medetomidine—especially alongside fentanyl—are still developing as knowledge about its effects grows.
